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Released: Jun 4, View statistics for this project via Libraries. Author: Elias Hachichou, Adwisit. Windows Application Driver will then be running on the test machine listening to requests on the default IP address and port Note : You must run WinAppDriver. This repo includes a demo that runs a automated script with Windows 10s included calculator and paint app. To run the demo you don’t need to start up WinAppDriver beforehand since the test will do it on its own. You can also start the driver manually for debugging or just to see the driver output.

Follow the intructions inside the test file and start the driver manually before running any tests. Download Link. Looking for Keyword Documentation? There is none! Yet For now you’ll have to simply look in the keyword file. I’ve included a simple demo that shows how to use the main feature compared to appium , i. Jun 4, Feb 2, Feb 5, Jan 30, Jan 28, Download the file for your platform.

If you’re not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages. Uploaded Jun 4, source. Uploaded Jun 4, py3. Warning Some features may not work without JavaScript. Please try enabling it if you encounter problems. Search PyPI Search. Latest version Released: Jun 4, Navigation Project description Release history Download files.

Project links Homepage. Maintainers elias-adwisit. This library was created to be able to work with multi-window use cases compared to Appium. Running the Demo This repo includes a demo that runs a automated script with Windows 10s included calculator and paint app. Download Link This is my first python package so many things are not fixed yet, such as requirements. Project details Project links Homepage.

Download files Download the file for your platform. Source Distribution. Close Hashes for robotframework-wadlibrary

 
 

Robot Framework User Guide

 
Shell/Bash queries related to “robot framework installation on windows 10” · pip install robotframework · robot framework version · robot framework. Robot Framework is a test automation framework that makes it easy for QA teams to manage acceptance testing and acceptance test-driven. Download Robot Framework – A Python and Java framework designed for acceptance level testing, providing integrated libraries.

 

– Robot Framework

 

Thus it is not possible, for example, to set a variable like this in one test case and use it in another. This is because, in general, automated test cases should not depend on each other, and accidentally setting a variable that is used elsewhere could cause hard-to-debug errors. If there is a genuine need for setting a variable in one test case and using it in another, it is possible to use BuiltIn keywords as explained in the next section.

Any value returned by a keyword can be assigned to a scalar variable. As illustrated by the example below, the required syntax is very simple:. Creating local variables like this works both in test case and user keyword level.

Notice that although a value is assigned to a scalar variable, it can be used as a list variable if it has a list-like value and as a dictionary variable if it has a dictionary-like value.

If a keyword returns a list or any list-like object, it is possible to assign it to a list variable :. Because all Robot Framework variables are stored in the same namespace, there is not much difference between assigning a value to a scalar variable or a list variable. This can be seen by comparing the last two examples above. The main differences are that when creating a list variable, Robot Framework automatically verifies that the value is a list or list-like, and the stored variable value will be a new list created from the return value.

When assigning to a scalar variable, the return value is not verified and the stored value will be the exact same object that was returned. If a keyword returns a dictionary or any dictionary-like object, it is possible to assign it to a dictionary variable :. Because all Robot Framework variables are stored in the same namespace, it would also be possible to assign a dictionary into a scalar variable and use it later as a dictionary when needed. There are, however, some actual benefits in creating a dictionary variable explicitly.

First of all, Robot Framework verifies that the returned value is a dictionary or dictionary-like similarly as it verifies that list variables can only get a list-like value. A bigger benefit is that the value is converted into a special dictionary that it uses also when creating dictionary variables in the Variable section.

These dictionaries are also ordered, but if the original dictionary was not ordered, the resulting order is arbitrary. If a keyword returns a list or a list-like object, it is possible to assign individual values into multiple scalar variables or into scalar variables and a list variable. Assuming that the keyword Get Three returns a list [1, 2, 3] , the following variables are created:. It is an error if the returned list has more or less values than there are scalar variables to assign.

Additionally, only one list variable is allowed and dictionary variables can only be assigned alone. To make it easier to understand what happens during execution, the beginning of value that is assigned is automatically logged.

The default is to show first characters, but this can be changed by using the –maxassignlength command line option when running tests. If the value is zero or negative, the whole assigned value is hidden.

The reason the value is not logged fully is that it could be really big. If you always want to see a certain value fully, it is possible to use the BuiltIn Log keyword to log it after the assignment. The –maxassignlength option is new in Robot Framework 5. If a variable already exists within the new scope, its value will be overwritten, and otherwise a new variable is created.

Variables set with Set Test Variable keyword are available everywhere within the scope of the currently executed test case. For example, if you set a variable in a user keyword, it is available both in the test case level and also in all other user keywords used in the current test. Other test cases will not see variables set with this keyword.

It is an error to call Set Test Variable outside the scope of a test e. Variables set with Set Suite Variable keyword are available everywhere within the scope of the currently executed test suite. Setting variables with this keyword thus has the same effect as creating them using the Variable section in the test data file or importing them from variable files. Other test suites, including possible child test suites, will not see variables set with this keyword. Variables set with Set Global Variable keyword are globally available in all test cases and suites executed after setting them.

Setting variables with this keyword thus has the same effect as creating from the command line using the options –variable or –variablefile. Because this keyword can change variables everywhere, it should be used with care. On the other hand, another BuiltIn keyword Set Variable sets local variables using return values.

Built-in variables related to the operating system ease making the test data operating-system-agnostic. The variable syntax can be used for creating both integers and floating point numbers, as illustrated in the example below. This is useful when a keyword expects to get an actual number, and not a string that just looks like a number, as an argument. It is possible to create integers also from binary, octal, and hexadecimal values using 0b , 0o and 0x prefixes, respectively. The syntax is case insensitive.

Also Boolean values and Python None can be created using the variable syntax similarly as numbers. These variables are useful, for example, when there would otherwise be a need to escape spaces or empty cells with a backslash.

In the following example, Should Be Equal keyword gets identical arguments but those using variables are easier to understand than those using backslashes. Because they have no content, they basically vanish when used somewhere in the test data. They are useful, for example, with test templates when the template keyword is used without arguments or when overriding list or dictionary variables in different scopes. Some automatic variables can also be used in the test data.

These variables can have different values during the test execution and some of them are not even available all the time. Altering the value of these variables does not affect the original values, but some values can be changed dynamically using keywords from the BuiltIn library. A dictionary exposing command line options. Available options:. Possible variables in these automatic variables are not yet resolved at the import time, though. Variables coming from different sources have different priorities and are available in different scopes.

Variables set in the command line have the highest priority of all variables that can be set before the actual test execution starts. They override possible variables created in Variable sections in test case files, as well as in resource and variable files imported in the test data. Individually set variables –variable option override the variables set using variable files –variablefile option. If you specify same individual variable multiple times, the one specified last will override earlier ones.

This allows setting default values for variables in a start-up script and overriding them from the command line. Notice, though, that if multiple variable files have same variables, the ones in the file specified first have the highest priority. Variables created using the Variable section in a test case file are available for all the test cases in that file. These variables override possible variables with same names in imported resource and variable files.

Variables created in the Variable sections are available in all other sections in the file where they are created. This means that they can be used also in the Setting section, for example, for importing more variables from resource and variable files. Variables imported from the resource and variable files have the lowest priority of all variables created in the test data. Variables from resource files and variable files have the same priority.

If a resource file imports resource files or variable files, variables in its own Variable section have a higher priority than variables it imports. All these variables are available for files that import this resource file.

Note that variables imported from resource and variable files are not available in the Variable section of the file that imports them. This is due to the Variable section being processed before the Setting section where the resource files and variable files are imported. Depending on where and how they are created, variables can have a global, test suite, test case or local scope.

Global variables are available everywhere in the test data. These variables are normally set from the command line with the –variable and –variablefile options, but it is also possible to create new global variables or change the existing ones with the BuiltIn keyword Set Global Variable anywhere in the test data. Additionally also built-in variables are global. Variables with the test suite scope are available anywhere in the test suite where they are defined or imported.

They can be created in Variable sections, imported from resource and variable files , or set during the test execution using the BuiltIn keyword Set Suite Variable. The test suite scope is not recursive , which means that variables available in a higher-level test suite are not available in lower-level suites. If necessary, resource and variable files can be used for sharing variables. Since these variables can be considered global in the test suite where they are used, it is recommended to use capital letters also with them.

Variables with the test case scope are visible in a test case and in all user keywords the test uses. Initially there are no variables in this scope, but it is possible to create them by using the BuiltIn keyword Set Test Variable anywhere in a test case. Also variables in the test case scope are to some extend global. It is thus generally recommended to use capital letters with them too.

Test cases and user keywords have a local variable scope that is not seen by other tests or keywords. Local variables can be created using return values from executed keywords and user keywords also get them as arguments. It works both with scalar and list variables, but is mainly useful with the former.

Extended variable syntax is a powerful feature, but it should be used with care. Accessing attributes is normally not a problem, on the contrary, because one variable containing an object with several attributes is often better than having several variables. On the other hand, calling methods, especially when they are used with arguments, can make the test data pretty complicated to understand.

If that happens, it is recommended to move the code into a test library. The most common usages of extended variable syntax are illustrated in the example below.

First assume that we have the following variable file and test case:. Many standard Python objects, including strings and numbers, have methods that can be used with the extended variable syntax either explicitly or implicitly.

Sometimes this can be really useful and reduce the need for setting temporary variables, but it is also easy to overuse it and create really cryptic test data. Following examples show few pretty good usages. Note that even though abs number is recommended over number. This is because the variable name must be in the beginning of the extended syntax. Extended variable syntax works also in list variable context.

It is possible to set attributes of objects stored to scalar variables using keyword return values and a variation of the extended variable syntax. Unlike when assigning variables normally using return values from keywords , changes to variables done using the extended assign syntax are not limited to the current scope. Because no new variable is created but instead the state of an existing variable is changed, all tests and keywords that see that variable will also see the changes.

Variables are allowed also inside variables, and when this syntax is used, variables are resolved from the inside out. There can be several nested variables, but resolving the outermost fails, if any of them does not exist. Variable syntax can also be used for evaluating Python expressions. This is somewhat similar functionality than the extended variable syntax discussed earlier. As the examples above illustrate, this syntax is even more powerful as it provides access to Python built-ins like len and modules like math.

The whole expression syntax is explained in the Evaluating expressions appendix. Instead of creating complicated expressions, it is often better to move the logic into a custom library. That eases maintenance, makes test data easier to understand and can also enhance execution speed. Keyword sections are used to create new higher-level keywords by combining existing keywords together.

These keywords are called user keywords to differentiate them from lowest level library keywords that are implemented in test libraries. The syntax for creating user keywords is very close to the syntax for creating test cases, which makes it easy to learn.

In many ways, the overall user keyword syntax is identical to the test case syntax. User keywords are created in Keyword sections which differ from Test Case sections only by the name that is used to identify them. User keyword names are in the first column similarly as test cases names.

Also user keywords are created from keywords, either from keywords in test libraries or other user keywords. Keyword names are normally in the second column, but when setting variables from keyword return values, they are in the subsequent columns. Most user keywords take some arguments. This important feature is used already in the second example above, and it is explained in detail later in this section , similarly as user keyword return values. User keywords can be created in test case files , resource files , and test suite initialization files.

Keywords created in resource files are available for files using them, whereas other keywords are only available in the files where they are created. User keywords can have similar settings as test cases , and they have the same square bracket syntax separating them from keyword names. All available settings are listed below and explained later in this section. The format used above is recommended, but setting names are case-insensitive and spaces are allowed between brackets and the name.

For example, [ TAGS ] :setting is valid. The user keyword name is defined in the first column of the Keyword section. Of course, the name should be descriptive, and it is acceptable to have quite long keyword names. Actually, when creating use-case-like test cases, the highest-level keywords are often formulated as sentences or even paragraphs.

User keywords can have a documentation that is set with the [Documentation] setting. It supports same formatting, splitting to multiple lines, and other features as test case documentation. This setting documents the user keyword in the test data.

It is also shown in a more formal keyword documentation, which the Libdoc tool can create from resource files. Finally, the first logical row of the documentation, until the first empty row, is shown as a keyword documentation in test logs. Sometimes keywords need to be removed, replaced with new ones, or deprecated for other reasons. For more information, see the Deprecating keywords section.

Both user keywords and library keywords can have tags. User keyword tags can be set with [Tags] setting similarly as test case tags , but possible Force Tags and Default Tags setting do not affect them. Additionally keyword tags can be specified on the last line of the documentation with Tags: prefix and separated by a comma.

For example, following two keywords would both get same three tags. Keyword tags are shown in logs and in documentation generated by Libdoc , where the keywords can also be searched based on tags. The –removekeywords and –flattenkeywords commandline options also support selecting keywords by tag, and new usages for keywords tags are possibly added in later releases. Similarly as with test case tags , user keyword tags with robot- and robot: prefixes are reserved for special features by Robot Framework itself.

Users should thus not use any tag with these prefixes unless actually activating the special functionality. Most user keywords need to take some arguments. The syntax for specifying them is probably the most complicated feature normally needed with Robot Framework, but even that is relatively easy, particularly in most common cases. The simplest way to specify arguments apart from not having them at all is using only positional arguments. In most cases, this is all that is needed.

The syntax is such that first the [Arguments] setting is given and then argument names are defined in the subsequent cells. Each argument is in its own cell, using the same syntax as with variables. The keyword must be used with as many arguments as there are argument names in its signature. The actual argument names do not matter to the framework, but from users’ perspective they should be as descriptive as possible. When creating user keywords, positional arguments are sufficient in most situations.

It is, however, sometimes useful that keywords have default values for some or all of their arguments. Also user keywords support default values, and the needed new syntax does not add very much to the already discussed basic syntax. There can be many arguments with defaults, but they all must be given after the normal positional arguments. The default value can contain a variable created on test, suite or global scope , but local variables of the keyword executor cannot be used.

Default value can also be defined based on earlier arguments accepted by the keyword. The syntax for default values is space sensitive. When a keyword accepts several arguments with default values and only some of them needs to be overridden, it is often handy to use the named arguments syntax.

As all Pythonistas must have already noticed, the syntax for specifying default arguments is heavily inspired by Python syntax for function default values. Sometimes even default values are not enough and there is a need for a keyword accepting variable number of arguments. User keywords support also this feature.

This syntax can be combined with the previously described default values, and at the end the list variable gets all the leftover arguments that do not match other arguments.

The list variable can thus have any number of items, even zero. This happens even if the given value is empty. The last example also illustrates how a variable number of arguments accepted by a user keyword can be used in a for loop.

This combination of two rather advanced functions can sometimes be very useful. Again, Pythonistas probably notice that the variable number of arguments syntax is very close to the one in Python. When the keyword is called, this variable will get all named arguments that do not match any positional argument or named-only argument in the keyword signature. The last example above shows how to create a wrapper keyword that accepts any positional or named argument and passes them forward.

See free named argument examples for a full example with same keyword. Free named arguments support with user keywords works similarly as kwargs work in Python.

Named-only arguments can be used together with positional arguments as well as with free named arguments. When using free named arguments, they must be last:. When passing named-only arguments to keywords, their order does not matter other than they must follow possible positional arguments. The keywords above could be used, for example, like this:.

Named-only arguments can have default values similarly as normal user keyword arguments. A minor difference is that the order of arguments with and without default values is not important. Robot Framework has also another approach to pass arguments to user keywords than specifying them in cells after the keyword name as explained in the previous section. This method is based on embedding the arguments directly into the keyword name, and its main benefit is making it easier to use real and clear sentences as keywords.

It has always been possible to use keywords like Select dog from list and Selects cat from list , but all such keywords must have been implemented separately. Keywords using embedded arguments cannot take any “normal” arguments specified with [Arguments] setting but otherwise they are created just like other user keywords. The arguments used in the name will naturally be available inside the keyword and they have different value depending on how the keyword is called.

Obviously it is not mandatory to use all these arguments inside the keyword, and they can thus be used as wildcards. These kind of keywords are also used the same way as other keywords except that spaces and underscores are not ignored in their names. They are, however, case-insensitive like other keywords. For example, the keyword in the example above could be used like select x from list , but not like Select x fromlist.

Embedded arguments do not support default values or variable number of arguments like normal arguments do. Using variables when calling these keywords is possible but that can reduce readability.

Notice also that embedded arguments only work with user keywords. One tricky part in using embedded arguments is making sure that the values used when calling the keyword match the correct arguments. This is a problem especially if there are multiple arguments and characters separating them may also appear in the given values.

An easy solution to this problem is quoting the arguments e. Select “Los Angeles” “Lakers”. This approach is not enough to resolve all this kind of conflicts, though, but it is still highly recommended because it makes arguments stand out from rest of the keyword.

A more powerful but also more complicated solution, using custom regular expressions when defining variables, is explained in the next section. Finally, if things get complicated, it might be a better idea to use normal positional arguments instead.

When keywords with embedded arguments are called, the values are matched internally using regular expressions regexps for short. The default logic goes so that every argument in the name is replaced with a pattern. This logic works fairly well normally, but as just discussed above, sometimes keywords match more than intended.

Quoting or otherwise separating arguments from the other text can help but, for example, the test below fails because keyword I execute “ls” with “-lh” matches both of the defined keywords.

A solution to this problem is using a custom regular expression that makes sure that the keyword matches only what it should in that particular context. To be able to use this feature, and to fully understand the examples in this section, you need to understand at least the basics of the regular expression syntax. A custom embedded argument regular expression is defined after the base name of the argument so that the argument and the regexp are separated with a colon.

Using custom regular expressions is illustrated by the examples below. In this case there is no need to add custom regexps to the other I execute variant.

Being implemented with Python, Robot Framework naturally uses Python’s re module that has pretty standard regular expressions syntax. This syntax is otherwise fully supported with embedded arguments, but regexp extensions in format? Notice also that matching embedded arguments is done case-insensitively.

If the regular expression syntax is invalid, creating the keyword fails with an error visible in test execution errors. Typically in Robot Framework data backslash characters need to be escaped with another backslash, but that is not required in this context. If there is a need to have a literal backslash in the pattern, then the backslash must be escaped. Escaping only opening or closing brace is not allowed.

This syntax is unfortunately not supported by Robot Framework 3. Whenever custom embedded argument regular expressions are used, Robot Framework automatically enhances the specified regexps so that they match variables in addition to the text matching the pattern. This means that it is always possible to use variables with keywords having embedded arguments.

For example, the following test case would pass using the keywords from the earlier example. A drawback of variables automatically matching custom regular expressions is that it is possible that the value the keyword gets does not actually match the specified regexp.

The biggest benefit of having arguments as part of the keyword name is that it makes it easier to use higher-level sentence-like keywords when writing test cases in behavior-driven style.

The example below illustrates this. Notice also that prefixes Given , When and Then are left out of the keyword definitions. Embedded arguments feature in Robot Framework is inspired by how step definitions are created in a popular BDD tool Cucumber. Similarly as library keywords, also user keywords can return values.

When using Robot Framework 5. Regardless how values are returned, they can be assigned to variables in test cases and in other user keywords. It accepts optional return values and can be used with IF and inline IF structures.

Its usage is easiest explained with examples:. Use approaches explained below if you need to support older versions. The [Return] setting defines what the keyword should return after it has been executed. Although it is recommended to have it at the end of keyword where it logically belongs, its position does not affect how it is used. An inherent limitation of the [Return] setting is that cannot be used conditionally. There is no visible deprecation warning when using the setting yet, but it will be loudly deprecated and eventually removed in the future.

Also tried Windows Registry Editor Version 5. Add a comment. Sorted by: Reset to default. Highest score default Trending recent votes count more Date modified newest first Date created oldest first. Improve this answer. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google.

Sign up using Facebook. The standard set of libraries included in the framework comprise dialogs for pausing execution and requiring user input, collections for dealing with Python lists and dictionaries, remote tools that play the role of a proxy between the framework and external libraries, screenshot libraries, string generators, Telnet connectors, XML file managers, date and time conversions, and process launchers.

Robot Framework is based on a simple API that enables developers to create test libraries and migrate test libraries to any programming language. Its versatility makes testing possible regardless of the host environment. Robot Framework. The keywords are human-readable. You can use the built-in keywords or create one from scratch. Currently, Robot Framework Foundation now takes care of the development of the tool. Acceptance testing is a part of a testing project that checks if the software complies with functional specifications and business requirements before pushing it into production.

In a typical testing pipeline, unit tests run first. They are followed by integration testing and system testing. Finally, acceptance testing is done to ensure that the software meets all business requirements before it is delivered to end-users. Acceptance testing is normally performed by running Black Box testing.

ATDD works the other way round. Here, different teams such as Developers, QA, and customers collaborate on preparing acceptance test cases before incorporating the functionality into the application. With a user-centric approach and seamless collaboration between development teams and functional experts, developed applications have a higher chance of meeting acceptance criteria.

With ATDD, functional testing becomes easy and effective. However, they differ in one key aspect. He opined that it was practically not possible. However, the popularity of Fitnesse open-source test automation tool which provided good collaboration between business stakeholders made ATDD a reality. ATDD provides a clear understanding of an application’s user requirements while serving as a guide for the entire development project.

It also facilitates nice collaboration between different teams. Before proceeding with this framework, it is important to understand some of the key aspects of the tool.